Monday, December 29, 2025

Summary Writing: Example 2

Passage

Time is one of the most valuable resources in our lives. Unlike money or material possessions, time cannot be earned back once it is lost. Every person has the same 24 hours in a day, yet some achieve great success while others struggle to meet basic goals. The difference lies in how effectively they manage their time.

Good time management begins with planning. A well-structured plan helps us prioritize tasks and avoid unnecessary stress. For example, students who create a timetable for their studies often perform better than those who study randomly. Planning also allows us to allocate time for relaxation and hobbies, which are essential for mental health.

Another important aspect of time management is avoiding procrastination. Many people delay tasks, thinking they have plenty of time, only to find themselves rushing at the last moment. Procrastination not only reduces the quality of work but also increases anxiety. Developing habits like setting deadlines and breaking big tasks into smaller steps can help overcome this problem.

Finally, time management is not about working all the time; it is about balancing work and leisure. People who manage their time well enjoy both productivity and peace of mind. They can pursue their passions, spend time with family, and still achieve their professional goals. In short, mastering time management leads to a happier and more successful life.

Summary

Topic: Importance of Time Management

Time is a precious resource that cannot be regained once lost. Effective time management involves planning tasks to reduce stress and improve performance. Avoiding procrastination by setting deadlines and breaking tasks into smaller steps is essential for better results. Proper time management also ensures a balance between work and leisure, allowing individuals to achieve success while enjoying peace of mind.

Saturday, November 1, 2025

XI 4.1 History of Drama - Objective Questions

MCQs

1.      Which one is not an element of drama?

a)     Character

b)     Climax

c)     Theme

d)     Setting

Ans: b)

2.      The sequence of events in a play is known as:

a)     Theme

b)     Setting

c)     Plot

d)     Dialogue

Ans: c)

3.      Dialogue in drama helps to:

a)     Provide background music

b)     Create suspense

c)     Move the plot and express characters

d)     Describe scenery

Ans: c)

4.      What type of play includes abstract vices and virtues as characters?

a)     Comedy

b)     Tragedy

c)     Morality Play

d)     Farce

Ans: c)

5.      Which period saw the beginning of English drama?

a)     Renaissance

b)     Elizabethan

c)     Medieval

d)     Victorian

Ans: c)

6.      Which dramatist wrote the play, ‘Dr. Faustus’?

a)     Shakespeare

b)     Christopher Marlowe

c)     Ben Jonson

d)     Thomas Kyd

Ans: b)

7.      The Restoration period began in:

a)     1600

b)     1660

c)     1700

d)     1837

Ans: b)

8.      Which king’s reign is associated with the revival of theatre after the Puritan ban?

a)     James I

b)     Charles I

c)     Charles II

d)     Henry VI

Ans: c)

9.      “The Way of the World” is a play written by -

a)     Dryden

b)     Sheridan

c)     Congreve

d)     Etherege

Ans: c)

10.  Which is not a feature of One Act Play?

a)     Multiple plots

b)     Limited characters

c)     Unity of time, place, and action

d)     Simplicity of plot

Ans: a)

11.  Which play belongs to the Post-modern era ie after 1950?

a)     Murder in the Cathedral

b)     Waiting for Godot

c)     Dr. Faustus

d)     The Way of the World

Ans: b)

12.  The Indian book on Dramatics, “Natyashastra” was written by -

a)     Kalidas

b)     Patanjali

c)     Bharat Muni

d)     Valmiki

Ans: c)

13.  Modern Indian Drama has its roots in:

a)     English drama

b)     Sanskrit drama

c)     Greek theatre

d)     Persian theatre

Ans: b)

14.  Which of these is a major characteristic of Medieval drama?

a)     Absurdism

b)     Religious themes

c)     Feminist theory

d)     Realistic settings

Ans: b)

15.  Who was known as a classicist, moralist, and genius in comedy?

a)     T.S. Eliot

b)     Samuel Beckett

c)     Ben Jonson

d)     Henrik Ibsen

Ans: c)

16.  What is the main function of conflict in a drama?

a)     To create unity of plot

b)     To introduce stage directions

c)     To challenge characters

d)     To summarize the theme

Ans: c)

17.  The Restoration comedy is best described as:

a)     Satirical and witty

b)     Absurd and existential

c)     Moralistic and tragic

d)     Allegorical and spiritual

Ans: a)

18.  A play’s “theme” refers to its -

a)     Conflict

b)     Dialogue

c)     Main idea or message

d)     Ending

Ans: c)

19.  Who wrote the play, ‘Murder in the Cathedral’?

a)     John Osborne

b)     T.S. Eliot

c)     Oscar Wilde

d)     Ben Jonson

Ans: b)

20.  ________ used the form of Greek tragedy in the 20th century drama:

a) T.S. Eliot

b) John Osborne

c) Bernard Shaw

d) Harold Pinter

Ans: a)

21.  One Act Plays are known for:

a) Complex character webs

b) Multiple themes

c) Simplicity and unity

d) Long and detailed acts

Ans: c)

22.  The stage description, “raised platform without artificial light” refers to:

a) Post-modern drama

b) Elizabethan drama

c) Victorian drama

d) Street theatre

Ans: b)

23.  ‘All for Love’ is a play written by:

a) William Congreve

b) George Etherege

c) John Dryden

d) Samuel Beckett

Ans: c)

24.  The play, ‘Candia’ was written by:

a) G.B. Shaw

b) Ibsen

c) Oscar Wilde

d) Eliot

Ans: a)

25.  The tragedy drama, ‘The Duchess of Malfi’ is written by -

a) John Webster

b) Marlowe

c) Thomas Middleton

d) John Dryden

Ans: a)

True /False

1.      The Puritans supported theatre during Interregnum.

False

2.      Ben Jonson was known for his tragedies.

False

3.      Sentimental comedy was popular during the Restoration Period.

True

4.      Drama lacks any audio-visual elements.

False

5.      Oscar Wilde wrote “Candia”.

False

6.      Stage directions help guide the actors about how to perform.

True

7.      The play, ‘Robin Hood’ was written during the Elizabethan period.

False

8.      The term “Kitchen Sink Drama” belongs to the Post-modern era.
True

9.      George Bernard Shaw contributed to social and psychological drama.
True

10.  The Abbey Theatre is associated with the Irish literary revival.
True


Match The Columns  

Column A

Column B

1.      Natyashastra

a.      Oscar Wild

2.      Waiting for Godot

b.      Christopher Marlowe

3.      The Way of the World

c.      An Enemy of the People

4.      Dr. Faustus

d.      Bharat Muni

5.      Kitchen Sink Drama  

e.      Samuel Beckett

6.      Radio drama

f.       Howard Pyle

7.      Robin Hood

g.      Modern period

8.      Henrik Ibsen

h.      Elizabethan period

9.      William Shakespeare

i.       Post-modern period

10.  The Importance of being Earnest

j.       William Congreve


Ans. 1-d, 2-e, 3-i, 4-b, 5-i, 6-g, 7-f, 8-c,9-h, 10-a

Odd One Out

1.      Romeo and Juliet, Midsummer Night’s Dream, Henry IV, Pygmalion

Odd: Pygmalion

2.      Comedy of Manners, Romantic Comedy, Classical Comedy, Tragic Comedy

Odd: Tragic Comedy

3.      Samuel Beckett, Arthur Miller, Henrik Ibsen, Christopher Marlowe

Odd: Christopher Marlowe

4.      Exposition, Climax, Dialogue, Denouement

Odd: Dialogue

5.      Time, Place, Action, Theme

Odd: Theme

6.      Stream of consciousness, Absurd plays, Poetic drama, Melancholy plays

Odd: Melancholy plays

7.      Theme, Plot, Characters, Introduction

Odd: Introduction

8.      Scene, Audience, Conflict, Actor

Odd: Conflict

9.      Words, Scenic effects, Music, Audience

Odd: Audience

10.  Open to sky, No Artificial Lights, No Curtain, Female Actors

Odd: Female Actors (Elizabethan theatre)

Fill In The Blanks.

1.      The _________ period witnessed the closure of theatres by Puritans.

Ans: Interregnum

2.      ________ wrote the play, ‘Pygmalion’.

Ans: George Bernard Shaw

3.      ________ drama is based on the internal thoughts of characters.

Ans: Stream of Consciousness

4.      The performance of plays in Churches began during the ________.

Ans: 10th century

5.      ________ is considered a forerunner of modernist and realist drama.

Ans: Henrik Ibsen

6.      The time period context of the play is a part of its ________.

Ans: Setting

7.      ________ are instructions in a script to guide actors.

Ans: Stage directions

8.      The play, ‘A Doll’s House’ was written by ________.

Ans: Henrik Ibsen

9.      Comedy with more genial atmosphere was seen in the ________ period.

Ans: Restoration

10.  The Abbey Theatre is located in ________.

Ans: Dublin

11.  Drama is a form of ________ communication.

Ans: Audio-visual

12.  Look Back in Anger is a play written by ________.

Ans: John Osborne

13.  The climax in drama refers to the ________ point of the play.

Ans: Turning

14.  The _________ period saw decline in serious drama due to lack of intelligent audience.

Ans: Victorian

15.  _________ is known as the father of absurd theatre.

Ans: Samuel Beckett

16.  ________ wrote the play “The Jew of Malta.”

Ans: Christopher Marlowe

17.  A play in which characters represent abstract qualities is called a ________ play.

Ans: Morality

18.  The ________ period saw the introduction of actresses to play female characters on stage.

Ans: Restoration

19.  The ________ represents the time and location of the drama’s action.

Ans: Setting

20.  The public theatre in 16th century was _____.

Ans. Open to sky

Sunday, July 20, 2025

XII 4.1 History of Novel - MCQs with answer Key

1.      What does the word ‘novella’ originally mean?
A) Epic story
B) New
C) Short poem
D) Novelty in the idea

2.      A ‘novella’ is...
A) Longer than a novel
B) Shorter than a short story
C) Shorter than a novel
D) The same as a novel

3.      A ‘novella’ typically focuses on
A) Multiple plot lines
B) One incident and a couple of characters
C) Entire life of the protagonist
D) Random events in life

4.      The style of a novel refers to author’s
A) Setting
B) Language and techniques
C) Plot structure
D) Thematic content

5.      An author’s style affects
A) the incidents in the plot
B) Texture of narration
C) Number of characters
D) Title of the novel

6.      ‘Stream-of-consciousness’ narration is
A) Third-person objective
B) discussion with the therapist
C) Flow of a character’s thoughts
D) traditional storytelling technique

7.      Who coined the term, “stream of consciousness”?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William Wordsworth
C) William James
D) Virginia Woolf

8.      Allegorical novel has …
A) Artificial characters
B) Symbolic meaning
C) Flashbacks of the characters
D) Direct speech narration

9.      Psychological novel treats ...
A) Internal thoughts of the characters
B) Internal and external factors related to characters
C) Illusions seen by the characters
D) Suspense around the characters

10.  Epistolary novels use
A) Stream of consciousness narratives
B) Letters or diary entries
C) Dream sequences of characters
D) Mythological references

11.  The term “epistolary” comes from
A) Greek word, “epistic”
B) Latin word, “epistola”
C) French word, “epistol”
D) German word, “epiostoidth”

12.  Autobiographical novels are
A) Non-fictional details of author’s life
B) Possible future life of the author
C) Based on author’s life with fictional elements
D) Highlights of the past

13.  Gothic novels highlight
A) History and culture
B) Horror, mystery & supernatural elements
C) Traveling experiences of the auther
D) Tragic incidents from the past

14.  Typical elements of Gothic novels include
A) Space travel and futuristic life
B) Haunted castles, ghosts & decay
C) Science experiments and inventions
D) Political battles between countries

15.  Utopian/Dystopian novels depict
A) Ideal or nightmarish societies
B) Mythological and historical romance
C) Children's bedtime stories
D) Wartime stories

16.  The English novel emerged in the
A) 16th century
B) 18th century
C) 20th century
D) 15th century

17.  Which of the following literary genres emerged in the 18th century?
A) Gothic stories
B) Periodical essays
C) Epic drama
D) Science fiction

18.  The origins of the genre, ‘novel’ lay in
A) Songs of the ancient cultures
B) Greek romances of 2nd & 6th century
C) Mythological stories
D) Dramas of the Elizabethan period

19.  Which of the following is not a part of novel’s elements?
A) Setting
B) Dialogue
C) Characters
D) Theme

20.  Plot is created by the ...
A) thoughts of the character
B) internal and external conflicts
C) general events happening around us
D) suspense in life

21.  Internal conflict in novel is...
A) character’s fight with negative elements
B) inside the mind of the character
C) natural thought process of the character
D) internal issues of a country

22.  External conflict involves
A) Thought processes of the characters
B) Other characters or external forces
C) extra-terrestrial animals
D) Flashbacks

23.  Setting includes all EXCEPT:
A) Place
B) Climate
C) Time
D) Conflict

24.  The first English novel written by an Indian was ...
A) Passage to India
B) Rajmohan’s Wife
C) Jungle book
D) Raja Ram Mohan Rai

25.  Author of “Rajmohan’s Wife” was ...
A) Sarojini Naidu
B) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
C) R.K. Narayan
D) Raja Rao

26.  Indian English novelists of the earliest generation include
A) Mulkraj Anand & R.K. Narayan
B) Salman Rushdie & V. S. Naipaul
C) Kiran Desai & Kiran Nagarkar
D) Anita Desai & Nayantara Sahgal

27.  Recent contributors to Indian English novel:
A) Arvind Adiga & Kiran Desai
B) Mulkaraj Anand & Raja Rao
C) Anita Desai & Arun Joshi
D) V. S. Naipaul & Bankim Chandra Chatopadhyay

28.  Match: Murasaki Shikibu
A) Don Quixote
B) Tale of Genji
C) Rajmohan’s Wife
D) Chinese

29.  Match: Don Quixote
A) Miguel de Cervantes
B) Michel Engello
C) French
D) Italian

30.  Match: Rajmohan’s Wife
A) Mulkaraj Anand
B) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
C) Raja Rao
D) Anita Desai

31.  Match: Novella’s root word means
A) Nostagia
B) New
C) Rogue
D) Story

32.  The Spanish word “picaro” means
A) Hero
B) Rogue
C) Monk
D) King

33.  Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, V. S. Naipaul, Kiran Nagarkar (Select the odd word.)
A) Arun Joshi
B) Vikram Seth
C) V. S. Naipaul
D) Kiran Nagarkar

34.  Place, Period, Theme, Climate, Lifestyle (Select the odd word.)
A) Theme
B) Place
C) Climate
D) Period

35.  Theme, Plot, Character, Mind-set (Select the odd word.)
A) Plot
B) Character
C) Mind-set
D) Theme

36.  Psychological, Gothic, Epistolary, Epic (Select the odd word.)
A) Epic
B) Gothic
C) Epistolary
D) Psychological

37.  ‘Theme’ describes behaviour of characters.
A) True
B) False

38.  Main character in story is called “role model.”
A) True
B) False

39.  “Conflict” means struggle between opposing forces.
A) True
B) False

40.  Plot and character are affected by setting.
A) True
B) False

       41.  ‘George Eliot’ was the pen name of the famous novelist, ‘Jane Eyre’

      A) True

      B) False

      42.  Jonathan Swift wrote the famous satire, ‘The Animal Farm’.

      A) True

      B) False

     43.  Earlier threads of novel can be found in Virgil’s ‘Ecologues’.

          A) True

      B) False

    44.  The European novel, ‘Don Quixote’ was published in two parts between 1605 and 1610 .

     A) True

         B) False

    45.  The 18th century new readers had no interest in romances and tragedies.

      A) True

      B) False


Answer Key

  1. B) New
  2. C) Shorter than a novel
  3. B) One incident and a couple of characters
  4. B) Language and techniques
  5. B) Texture of narration
  1. C) Flow of a character’s thoughts
  2. C) William James
  3. B) Symbolic meaning
  4. B) Internal and external factors related to characters
  5. B) Letters or diary entries

      11.  B) Latin word, “epistola”

      12.  C) Based on author’s life with fictional elements

     13.  B) Horror, mystery, supernatural elements

    14.  B) Haunted castles, ghosts, decay

    15.  A) Ideal or nightmarish societies

    16.  B) 18th century

    17.  B) Periodical essays

    18.  B) Greek romances of 2nd and 6th century

     19.  C) Dialogue

     20.  B) Internal and external conflicts

     21.  B) Inside the mind of the character

    22.  B) Other characters or external forces

    23.  D) Conflict

    24.  B) Rajmohan’s Wife

    25.  B) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya

    26.  A) Mulkraj Anand & R.K. Narayan

    27.  A) Arvind Adiga & Kiran Desai

    28.  B) Tale of Genji

    29.  A) Miguel de Cervantes

    30.  B) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya

    31.  B) New

    32.  B) Rogue

    33.  C) V. S. Naipaul

    34.  A) Theme

    35.  C) Mind-set

    36.  A) Epic

    37.  B) False

    38.  B) False

    39.  A) True

    40.  A) True

    41.  B) False

    42.  B) False

    43.  A) True

    44.  B) False

    45.  A) True

 

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